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Menopause Explained: Signs, Stages, and Management

Roma Kunde
Roma Kunde
August 15, 2024
10
min read
Medically reviewed by:
Trager Hintze, PharmD
Menopause Explained: Signs, Stages, and Management
Listen to this article

Feeling like your body has hit a switch you didn't know existed? Welcome to menopause — the often misunderstood chapter of life that every woman eventually faces. Let's demystify the hot flashes, mood swings, and other surprises of menopause so you can approach these changes armed with the knowledge to make wise health choices.

Read on to learn everything you need to know about why menopause happens, what it involves, and how to prepare for it, including the use of menopause test kits.

What is Menopause?

Menopause refers to the time when a woman's ovaries gradually stop producing eggs and reduce their hormone production, particularly estrogen and progesterone. This natural process usually happens between the ages of 45 and 55 [1].

The reduction in these hormones causes menstrual cycles to end, signaling the end of the reproductive years. As hormone levels drop, women may experience symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and sleep issues. These changes in the reproductive system also affect the uterus, thinning the lining and reducing its size [2].

Understanding this phenomenon can help women manage symptoms and navigate this life stage with confidence.

Stages of Menopause

Menopause is not a sudden event. It’s a gradual process that consists of several stages that mark significant changes in a woman's reproductive life [3]:

  • Premenopause: This stage covers a woman's normal reproductive years, starting from her first period (menarche) until her last regular period. During this time, menstrual cycles are regular, and fertility is at its peak.
  • Perimenopause: This transitional phase leads up to menopause, typically starting in a woman's 40s, though it can begin earlier. Hormone levels fluctuate, causing irregular menstrual cycles, hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings. Perimenopause can last several years as the body gradually shifts toward menopause.
  • Menopause: Menopause is confirmed when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. This stage brings more frequent hot flashes, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and decreased fertility. It marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years.
  • Postmenopause: This phase begins after menopause and lasts for the rest of a woman's life. Symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings may continue but generally lessen over time. However, women in this stage face an increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease due to lower estrogen levels.

Recognizing these stages helps women anticipate changes and manage symptoms, leading to a smoother transition through this life phase.

Spotting the First Signs of Menopause

While discussions about pre-puberty, puberty, and menstruation in women are common, conversations about the signs of menopause are less frequent. Many women might know about hot flashes but might not realize that muscle and joint pains can also be related to menopause. So, what else should you expect during menopause?

Here are some common symptoms [4]:

  • Hot flashes
  • Night sweats
  • Muscle and joint pains
  • Mood swings
  • Hair loss
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Irregular periods
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Weight gain
  • Memory problems
  • Decreased libido

Being aware of these signs can help you focus on self-care and manage the transition through menopause with ease.

Headaches during menopause are often triggered by fluctuating hormone levels, particularly a drop in estrogen, and can become more frequent or intense for some women.

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Effects of Low Estrogen in Women

Low estrogen levels in women can have various health effects. As estrogen decreases, the risk of developing certain diseases and health conditions increases. For example, lower estrogen can lead to urinary tract infections due to thinning of the urethral lining. Vaginal discomfort, including dryness and irritation, can also occur because of the thinning of vaginal tissues [5].

Osteoporosis is another major concern, as decreased estrogen reduces bone density, making bones more fragile and prone to fractures. Menopause can also weaken the pelvic muscles, increasing the risk of pelvic organs slipping out of position [6].

Additionally, low estrogen levels have been linked to a higher risk of breast cancer and heart disease. Estrogen helps maintain healthy blood vessels and cholesterol levels, so its reduction can contribute to cardiovascular issues [6].

So, does taking estrogen delay menopause? The answer is no. Taking estrogen does not pause or stop menopause. Hormone replacement therapy can help manage menopausal symptoms and reduce some risks associated with low estrogen, but it does not stop the natural process of menopause [7].

Conversely, high estrogen levels (or estrogen dominance) not caused by medications typically occur due to conditions like PCOS before menopause. After menopause, this is more common in individuals who are overweight or obese [8].

It's crucial to understand these risks so you can take appropriate steps, such as seeking medical advice and taking the necessary treatments, to mitigate these health concerns.

At-Home Remedies for Menopause

Menopause cannot be reversed, but several at-home remedies and lifestyle changes can help alleviate its symptoms.

Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial, as weight gain during menopause can exacerbate symptoms. Regular exercise, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, helps manage weight, boosts mood, and improves sleep quality, which can counteract insomnia and fatigue associated with menopause [9].

A proper diet also plays an important role. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help manage weight and reduce the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis. Foods high in calcium and vitamin D, like dairy products and leafy greens, support bone health. Additionally, avoiding spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol can help reduce hot flashes and night sweats [9].

Staying hydrated is essential for overall well-being and can help reduce bloating. You can also use lubricants for vaginal dryness [9]. Herbal supplements, such as black cohosh and red clover, may also provide relief from hot flashes and mood swings, but it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement [10].

Practicing stress-reducing techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or tai chi, can improve mood and reduce anxiety [9]. Incorporating these at-home remedies can make the menopause experience more comfortable and manageable.

Stress-relieving exercises like tai chi can help alleviate menopause symptoms by reducing stress, improving mood, enhancing sleep, and easing muscle and joint pain through gentle, mindful movements.

Using At-Home Testing for Menopause

Diagnox’s at-home menopause test offers convenience and valuable insights for women experiencing menopause symptoms. This test measures hormone levels, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, and can help confirm menopause onset.

The Diagnox menopause stage indicator test is one of the best menopause test kits for monitoring FSH levels and menopause status.

Regular at-home monitoring enables women to track hormonal changes without frequent doctor visits, providing a clearer understanding of their menopausal status. This can help in managing symptoms more effectively and making informed decisions about treatment options.

Conclusion

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman's life, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, when menstrual cycles permanently stop. It involves several stages: premenopause, perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and sleep disturbances.

Low estrogen levels during menopause can increase the risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, and other health issues. While menopause cannot be reversed, its symptoms can be managed through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction techniques. Moreover, menopause stage indicator tests are easy to use and provide quick results, making them a practical tool for women navigating the changes associated with menopause.

References

[1] MedlinePlus Staff, “Menopause,” MedlinePlus. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[2] ACOG Staff, “Perimenopausal Bleeding and Bleeding After Menopause,” The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [Accessed August 6, 2024[.

[3] Cleveland Clinic Staff, “Menopause,” Cleveland Clinic. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[4] Mayo Clinic Staff, “Menopause,” Mayo Clinic. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[5] ACOG Staff, “UTIs After Menopause: Why They’re Common and What to Do About Them,” The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[6] WHO Staff, “Menopause,” World Health Organization. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[7] Cleveland Clinic Staff, “Hormone Therapy for Menopause Symptoms,” Cleveland Clinic. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[8] Cleveland Clinic Staff, “High Estrogen,” Cleveland Clinic. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[9] Cleveland Clinic Staff, “6 Ways To Find Relief From Your Menopause Symptoms,” Cleveland Clinic. [Accessed August 6, 2024].

[10] S. E. Geller, L. P. Shulman, R. B. van Breemen, et al, “Safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover for the management of vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trial,” Menopause, vol. 16, pp. 1156-1166, Nov.-Dec. 2009.

About the Author
Roma Kunde

Roma Kunde is a freelance content writer with a biotechnology and medical background. She has completed her B. Tech in Biotechnology and has a certificate in Clinical Research. She has 6 years of writing and editing experience in fields such as biomedical research, food/lifestyle, website content, marketing, and NGO services. She has written blog articles for websites related to construction chemicals, current affairs, marketing, medicine, and cosmetics.

About the Reviewer
This blog was
Medically reviewed by:
Trager Hintze, PharmD

Trager Hintze is a clinical assistant professor and emergency medicine clinical pharmacist located in College Station, Texas. He has a bachelor's degree in biology as well as a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. He balances teaching at Texas A&M University College of Pharmacy and practicing emergency medicine at St. Joseph Regional Health Hospital.

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