What parameters are used to screen for possible liver disease?

To screen for possible liver disease, these parameters are assessed:

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Bilirubin

The presence of bilirubin in urine is a significant marker of liver dysfunction or disease. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen. Normally, bilirubin is processed by the liver and then excreted in bile. If the liver is not functioning properly, or if there is an issue with bile flow, bilirubin can accumulate in the bloodstream and be excreted in the urine. This presence of bilirubin in urine can indicate liver problems such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or bile duct obstruction, as it suggests that the liver is not efficiently processing and eliminating bilirubin.

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Urobilinogen

Elevated levels of urobilinogen in the urine can also be indicative of potential liver disease. Urobilinogen is produced when bilirubin is reduced by intestinal bacteria. Typically, urobilinogen is reabsorbed into the bloodstream and then excreted in urine. Higher-than-normal levels of urobilinogen may suggest that the liver is not metabolizing bilirubin effectively or that there is increased breakdown of red blood cells. This condition can be associated with various liver issues, including hepatitis or cirrhosis, as well as with other disorders that affect liver function.

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For more detailed information on how urinalysis can assist in diagnosing liver diseases, refer to this blog.