What parameters are used to screen for possible kidney disease?

To screen for possible kidney disease, several key urine parameters are evaluated:

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Leukocytes: The presence of white blood cells in urine can be a sign of infection or inflammation. White blood cells are part of the immune system and their appearance in the urine often suggests that the body is responding to an infection in the urinary tract or a condition causing inflammation.

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Protein: Elevated protein levels in urine, known as proteinuria, can indicate damage to the kidneys. Normally, kidneys filter out waste while retaining proteins in the bloodstream. When the kidneys are damaged or diseased, they may allow proteins to leak into the urine. This can be a sign of conditions such as glomerulonephritis or diabetic nephropathy.

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pH: The pH level of urine measures its acidity or alkalinity. Abnormal pH levels can be indicative of various issues, including metabolic disorders, kidney problems, or urinary tract infections. For example, a very acidic or alkaline urine pH can reflect imbalances in the body's metabolic processes or issues with kidney function.

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Blood: The detection of blood in urine, a condition known as hematuria, can point to a range of issues including kidney stones, infections, or more serious conditions such as tumors. Blood in the urine often warrants further investigation to determine the underlying cause.

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Specific Gravity: This parameter measures the concentration of urine, which provides insight into kidney function and fluid balance. A high specific gravity may indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction, while a low specific gravity can suggest the kidneys are not concentrating urine effectively.

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Glucose: The presence of glucose in urine, known as glucosuria, can signal conditions such as diabetes or kidney problems. Normally, glucose is reabsorbed by the kidneys, so its appearance in urine can indicate that blood glucose levels are too high or that the kidneys are not functioning properly.

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Monitoring these parameters helps in assessing kidney health and detecting potential issues early. For more details, you can refer to this link.